Johannesburg, South Africa – Tensions within South Africa’s African National Congress (ANC) have escalated as party leaders demand President Cyril Ramaphosa sign the contentious land expropriation bill into law. Passed by the ANC-dominated parliament ahead of the May general elections, the legislation remains unsigned, placing Ramaphosa under significant political pressure.
Ramaphosa faces a political crossroads. His alliance with the Democratic Alliance (DA), the ANC’s key partner in the Government of National Unity, complicates the bill’s approval. While the ANC sees the legislation as a remedy for historical land injustices, the DA warns of potential economic fallout, including capital flight and reduced foreign investment.
This divide has created a deadlock, making Ramaphosa’s decision increasingly difficult.
“Land reform can no longer be postponed. The land must return to its rightful owners,” said ANC veteran Gwede Mantashe during a recent party meeting. However, sources close to the president suggest he is exploring alternative strategies to minimize the economic risks of immediate implementation.
Ramaphosa’s hesitation has opened him up to criticism from both within and outside his party. Movements like uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), led by former President Jacob Zuma, are capitalizing on the moment.
The MK has positioned itself as a staunch advocate of land expropriation, appealing to disillusioned ANC voters and gaining traction in rural areas.
Opposition parties, including the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), have also condemned Ramaphosa for failing to deliver on campaign promises. EFF leader Julius Malema called the president’s inaction “a betrayal of the anti-apartheid struggle’s legacy.”
Economists remain divided on the bill’s potential impact. While the ANC argues that land redistribution will spur agricultural growth and address inequality, critics warn of economic destabilization. A recent World Bank report highlighted that countries implementing abrupt land reforms saw foreign direct investment drop by up to 30% within the first three years.
Even so, supporters of the bill point to positive examples. Zimbabwe, following a period of economic turmoil, recorded 5% growth in its agricultural sector in 2023, thanks to policies supporting emerging farmers.
As the deadline for signing the bill approaches, Ramaphosa’s decision will likely define the future of South African politics. Signing the bill risks economic repercussions and alienating key allies like the DA. Conversely, delaying the decision could deepen divisions within the ANC and create opportunities for opposition parties to gain ground.
The nation now awaits the president’s next move, which could reshape South Africa’s political and economic priorities for years to come.
